What is a dwarf planet?

In the vast cosmos that surrounds us, the Solar System hosts more than just planets in its orbit. Among the stars that parade across the vastness of space, dwarf planets appear as intriguing puzzles that challenge our conceptions of what constitutes a planet. Let’s explore what a dwarf planet is, how it differs from a conventional planet, and what are the most famous dwarf planets orbiting our parent star, the Sun.

Dwarf planet: definition and unique characteristics

A dwarf planet is a special type of celestial body that shares some common characteristics with planets, but does not meet all the criteria necessary to be considered a full planet. According to the International Astronomical Union (IAU) definition, a dwarf planet is a celestial body that:

This last condition is what most differentiates a dwarf planet from a traditional planet, such as the Earth. Dwarf planets, although round and have some planetary characteristics, share their orbits with other celestial bodies, such as asteroids and minor planets. This condition places them in a unique category in the Solar System.

Differences between dwarf planets and conventional planets

The main difference between a dwarf planet and a “classic” planet is the ability to clean up its orbit. Planets, such as Mars, Earth, and Jupiter, have orbits that are relatively free from other large objects. This means that, over time, they have attracted and absorbed most of the debris in their orbital neighborhoods, leaving their orbits cleaner.

On the other hand, dwarf planets share their orbits with other large objects. This is because, in their regions of the Solar System, there is intense gravitational competition between these bodies. This scenario makes it difficult for a dwarf planet to acquire a totally free orbit, one of the essential characteristics to be classified as a traditional planet.

Famous dwarf planets in our solar system

The Solar System is home to a number of fascinating dwarf planets, each with their own quirks. Some of the better known dwarf planets include:

Dwarf planets are fascinating challenges to our understanding of the Solar System. While not falling within the classic definition of planet, these little giants teach us a lot about orbital dynamics, the formation of the Solar System and the different categories of celestial bodies. Pluto, Eris, Haumea and other dwarf planets continue to inspire us to explore the wonders of the cosmos, expanding our horizons and reminding us of the infinite diversity the universe has to offer.

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Source: Olhar Digital